{
  "note": "Reviewed on 2026-10-10: six main DOI records, two auxiliary color-psychology references and the sample-size reference. Bibliographic validation is separate from abstract or full-text review; see each status. Wada/video applications are testable editorial hypotheses, not measured outcomes.",
  "cards": [
    {
      "id": "edwards-2023-hope",
      "targets": [
        "hope"
      ],
      "goals": [],
      "evidence": "abstract-reviewed",
      "citation": "Edwards, T. M. (2023). Designing for Hope: Biophilic Color Associations and Their Relevance to Clinical Settings. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 16(4), 159–171.",
      "year": 2023,
      "doi": "10.1177/19375867231173410",
      "measured": "Which of four biophilic colours (red, yellow, green, blue), and which colour depth, participants identified as evoking the strongest experience of hope.",
      "finding": "The abstract reports strongest hope for yellow at maximal colour depth (p < .001), and reports no evident priming effect in Experiment 3. The latter was not independently interpreted from full methods.",
      "conditions": "154 adults across three experiments using coloured test cards; healthcare design framing. The reviewed abstract reports hope associations, not a video-retention outcome.",
      "useHere": "For a hope message, test the deepest yellow already inside your chosen Wada set as the accent rather than adding an outside neon.",
      "publication": {
        "onlineFirst": "2023-05-16",
        "issueDate": "2023-10",
        "citationYear": 2023
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/19375867231173410",
          "location": "Abstract — Methods and Results",
          "kind": "publisher abstract",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1177/19375867231173410",
          "location": "DOI, title, authors, container, pages and date fields; publisher-deposited abstract",
          "kind": "publisher-deposited metadata",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        }
      ],
      "review": {
        "bibliography": "validated",
        "finding": "reviewed at abstract level",
        "fullText": "not reviewed",
        "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10",
        "limitations": "Full methods, stimuli and underlying data were not reviewed. No measured Wada/video outcome is established by this review. The abstract reports no priming effect with p < .05; that wording is retained as an author report, not independently interpreted without full methods. Targeted publisher/author/repository access checks on 2026-10-10 did not obtain the full article; this is an access limit, not evidence that no accessible copy exists."
      },
      "applicationStatus": "testable editorial hypothesis; not a measured Wada-palette/video outcome"
    },
    {
      "id": "gorn-1997-value-chroma",
      "targets": [
        "calm",
        "excitement"
      ],
      "goals": [
        "liking"
      ],
      "evidence": "manuscript-sections-reviewed",
      "citation": "Gorn, G. J., Chattopadhyay, A., Yi, T., & Dahl, D. W. (1997). Effects of Color as an Executional Cue in Advertising: They're in the Shade. Management Science, 43(10), 1387–1400.",
      "year": 1997,
      "doi": "10.1287/mnsc.43.10.1387",
      "measured": "Feelings (relaxation, excitement) and ad liking when the hue, chroma and value of colours in a print ad were varied between subjects.",
      "finding": "Higher value (lighter) colours increased ad liking, mediated by greater relaxation. Higher chroma raised excitement, which in turn increased ad likeability.",
      "conditions": "The June 1996 university-hosted working manuscript reports a print ad for a fictitious paint brand: 156 undergraduates assigned to eight conditions, 146 usable responses after colour-vision exclusions. Munsell red/blue hue, chroma 2/8 and value 3/7 were varied. These are manuscript methods, not independently checked final-article methods; feelings and ad liking are not purchases or video retention.",
      "useHere": "Calm target: favour the highest-lightness colours in the set for ground and type. Excitement target: give the accent role to the set's highest-chroma colour.",
      "publication": {
        "onlineFirst": null,
        "issueDate": "1997-10",
        "citationYear": 1997
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/10.1287/mnsc.43.10.1387",
          "location": "Abstract — experimental results and follow-up",
          "kind": "publisher abstract",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1287/mnsc.43.10.1387",
          "location": "DOI, title, authors, container, pages and date fields; publisher-deposited abstract",
          "kind": "publisher-deposited metadata",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/177860/1/Content.pdf",
          "location": "June 1996 working manuscript: printed pp. 10–17 (PDF pp. 14–21), Main Study and Results; cover date on PDF p. 1",
          "kind": "institutional working manuscript",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        }
      ],
      "review": {
        "bibliography": "validated",
        "finding": "1997 publisher abstract and June 1996 manuscript methods/results sections reviewed",
        "fullText": "June 1996 manuscript cited sections reviewed; final 1997 article not reviewed",
        "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10",
        "limitations": "The institutional copy predates the cited final article. Its methods and results support the retained value/chroma summary, but version equivalence, final follow-up details and underlying data were not verified. Munsell measures are not interchangeable with the site’s OKLCH heuristics. No measured Wada/video outcome is established."
      },
      "applicationStatus": "testable editorial hypothesis; not a measured Wada-palette/video outcome"
    },
    {
      "id": "rizomyliotis-2018-cool-backgrounds",
      "targets": [
        "calm"
      ],
      "goals": [
        "intent"
      ],
      "evidence": "manuscript-sections-reviewed",
      "citation": "Rizomyliotis, I., Konstantoulaki, K., & Kostopoulos, I. (2018). Reassessing the Effect of Colour on Attitude and Behavioural Intentions in Promotional Activities: The Moderating Role of Mood and Involvement. Australasian Marketing Journal, 26(3), 204–215.",
      "year": 2018,
      "doi": "10.1016/j.ausmj.2018.04.002",
      "measured": "Self-reported attitude and intention to seek further information after viewing promotional images with blue, red or black-and-white backgrounds; mood and purchase involvement were manipulated.",
      "finding": "The accepted manuscript reports more positive attitudes and intentions to seek information for blue than red backgrounds. Mood/involvement moderation was partly supported: Study 2 found the involvement interaction only for attitude and the mood interaction only for intention; Study 3’s attitude-by-involvement result was marginal (p < .10). These are reported intentions, not observed purchases or retention.",
      "conditions": "Three student experiments (n = 192, 180, 179) using images of a window display, trade-show kiosk and guerrilla promotion for glass furniture. Background colour varied within participants; mood and involvement varied between participants. The authors report holding saturation/value constant; that control was not independently calibrated here.",
      "useHere": "Treat a cool Wada ground as a hypothesis for low-involvement, good-mood viewing. It is not a universal winner.",
      "publication": {
        "onlineFirst": "2018-08",
        "issueDate": "2018-08",
        "citationYear": 2018
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1016/j.ausmj.2018.04.002",
          "location": "Abstract — three experiments and moderators",
          "kind": "publisher abstract",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/j.ausmj.2018.04.002",
          "location": "DOI, title, authors, container, pages and date fields; publisher-deposited abstract",
          "kind": "publisher-deposited metadata",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/9019/1/ReassessingtheEffectofColourOnAttitudeAM-KOSTOPOULOS.pdf",
          "location": "Accepted manuscript: §§2.1–2.3, participants, manipulations, measures and results (PDF pp. 9–18); §2.4 discussion (pp. 19–21)",
          "kind": "institutional accepted manuscript",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/9019/",
          "location": "Repository identifies Accepted Version, CC BY-NC-ND licence, DOI and acceptance date 2018-04-15",
          "kind": "institutional repository record",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        }
      ],
      "review": {
        "bibliography": "validated",
        "finding": "accepted manuscript methods/results/discussion sections reviewed",
        "fullText": "cited accepted-manuscript sections reviewed; final publisher text not reviewed",
        "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10",
        "limitations": "Accepted manuscript, not the final publisher version. Its title matches; author order on its cover differs from the final publisher citation. Self-reported attitudes/information-seeking intentions in student image tasks do not establish behavioural conversion. Stimulus calibration, raw data, replication and every cited reference were not verified. No measured Wada/video outcome is established."
      },
      "applicationStatus": "testable editorial hypothesis; not a measured Wada-palette/video outcome"
    },
    {
      "id": "elliot-maier-context",
      "targets": [
        "hope",
        "calm",
        "excitement",
        "trust"
      ],
      "goals": [
        "liking",
        "intent",
        "retention",
        "ctr"
      ],
      "evidence": "fulltext-sections-reviewed",
      "citation": "Elliot, A. J., & Maier, M. A. (2014). Color Psychology: Effects of Perceiving Color on Psychological Functioning in Humans. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 95–120.",
      "year": 2014,
      "doi": "10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115035",
      "measured": "Reviews of theory and evidence on how perceiving colour affects feelings, thinking and behaviour.",
      "finding": "The 2014 review describes context-dependent colour meaning and cautions about colour control, statistical power, sample diversity and applying controlled laboratory results to everyday settings. Elliot (2015) offers similar cautions in the identified full-text sections.",
      "conditions": "Narrative reviews, not a single experiment. The effects they summarise are domain-specific.",
      "useHere": "Read every card here as context-bound. Your audience, platform and message form the context.",
      "publication": {
        "onlineFirst": "2013-06-26",
        "issueDate": "2014-01-03",
        "citationYear": 2014
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115035",
          "location": "Abstract — scope and generalizability caution",
          "kind": "publisher abstract",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115035",
          "location": "DOI, title, authors, container, pages and date fields; no abstract deposited",
          "kind": "publisher-deposited metadata",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00368/full",
          "location": "Color-in-context theory; Methodological considerations; Conclusion",
          "kind": "auxiliary full-text sections",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279871278_Color-in-Context_Theory",
          "location": "Author-uploaded text identified internally as the 2014 Annual Review article by title/DOI, despite the page’s 2012 chapter label: pp. 99–101, Methodological Considerations; pp. 110–112, Future Directions",
          "kind": "author-uploaded full-text sections with container mismatch",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        }
      ],
      "review": {
        "bibliography": "validated",
        "finding": "2014 and 2015 cited full-text sections reviewed; 2012 findings not reviewed",
        "fullText": "2014 cited sections reviewed in author upload; 2012 chapter not reviewed",
        "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10",
        "limitations": "The author-upload page is labelled as the 2012 chapter, but the displayed document title, DOI and pagination identify the 2014 article. It is used only for those 2014 sections. The 2012 chapter and each underlying study remain unverified. No measured Wada/video outcome is established."
      },
      "applicationStatus": "testable editorial hypothesis; not a measured Wada-palette/video outcome",
      "auxiliaryReferenceIds": [
        "elliot-maier-2012",
        "elliot-2015"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "labrecque-milne-2012",
      "targets": [
        "trust",
        "excitement"
      ],
      "goals": [
        "intent"
      ],
      "evidence": "abstract-reviewed",
      "citation": "Labrecque, L. I., & Milne, G. R. (2012). Exciting red and competent blue: the importance of color in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(5), 711–727.",
      "year": 2012,
      "doi": "10.1007/s11747-010-0245-y",
      "measured": "How hue, saturation and value relate to perceived brand personality (four studies, including logo studies).",
      "finding": "The abstract describes four studies mapping hues to brand personality and examining saturation/value, purchase intent, liking and familiarity. Red/excitement and blue/competence appear in the title; detailed hue results were not rechecked in full text.",
      "conditions": "Brand and logo perception. Detailed hue results, stimulus conditions and brand/category boundary conditions were not checked beyond the abstract.",
      "useHere": "Check that the set's temperature fits your brand and category before reading anything into a single hue.",
      "publication": {
        "onlineFirst": "2011-01-28",
        "issueDate": "2012-09",
        "citationYear": 2012,
        "note": "Online-first 2011-01-28; September 2012 issue. The citation uses issue year 2012."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11747-010-0245-y",
          "location": "Abstract — Studies 1–4; title for red/excitement and blue/competence",
          "kind": "publisher abstract",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1007/s11747-010-0245-y",
          "location": "DOI, title, authors, container, pages and date fields; no abstract deposited",
          "kind": "publisher-deposited metadata",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        }
      ],
      "review": {
        "bibliography": "validated",
        "finding": "reviewed at abstract level",
        "fullText": "not reviewed",
        "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10",
        "limitations": "Full methods, stimuli and underlying data were not reviewed. No measured Wada/video outcome is established by this review. Targeted publisher/author/repository access checks on 2026-10-10 did not obtain the full article; this is an access limit, not evidence that no accessible copy exists."
      },
      "applicationStatus": "testable editorial hypothesis; not a measured Wada-palette/video outcome"
    },
    {
      "id": "singh-2006-overcited",
      "targets": [],
      "goals": [
        "liking",
        "intent",
        "retention",
        "ctr"
      ],
      "evidence": "weak",
      "citation": "Singh, S. (2006). Impact of color on marketing. Management Decision, 44(6), 783–789.",
      "year": 2006,
      "doi": "10.1108/00251740610673332",
      "measured": "Literature review of colour psychology in marketing, not a new experiment.",
      "finding": "No quantitative marketing effect is retained from this secondary review. The widely repeated judgement-window and colour-contribution figures were withheld because their original study, sample and denominator were not verified.",
      "conditions": "A secondary summary range inside a review. It is not a measured effect for any medium, audience or metric.",
      "useHere": "Overcited, weak provenance. Do not use it as a KPI or as a promise to clients.",
      "publication": {
        "onlineFirst": null,
        "issueDate": "2006-07-01",
        "citationYear": 2006
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.emerald.com/md/article-abstract/44/6/783/283364/Impact-of-color-on-marketing",
          "location": "Abstract — Purpose and Design/methodology/approach; original percentage provenance not traced",
          "kind": "publisher abstract",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1108/00251740610673332",
          "location": "DOI, title, authors, container, pages and date fields; publisher-deposited abstract",
          "kind": "publisher-deposited metadata",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        }
      ],
      "review": {
        "bibliography": "validated",
        "finding": "abstract reviewed; unsupported quantitative claim withheld",
        "fullText": "not reviewed",
        "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10",
        "limitations": "The publisher abstract contains the widely repeated figures, but the original primary study, population, metric and denominator were not traced in the targeted review. Neither the full article nor underlying percentage evidence was reviewed. Do not use this reference as a KPI."
      },
      "applicationStatus": "testable editorial hypothesis; not a measured Wada-palette/video outcome"
    }
  ],
  "retention": {
    "statement": "No Wada-palette or short-form-video retention lift was identified in the material reviewed for these cards on 2026-10-10. This targeted review does not establish absence across the literature. Run your own test.",
    "checklist": [
      "Hypothesis: “Changing only the accent from X to Y raises <metric> for <audience> on <platform>.”",
      "Primary metric (pick one before launch): 3-second view rate, average % watched / completion, CTR, or D1 return.",
      "Guardrails: comments/negative feedback, hide/skip rate, and caption contrast (≥ 4.5:1).",
      "Variant design: control and variant are identical except the accent colour. Lock ground, type, copy, music, cut timing and thumbnail.",
      "Randomise exposure (platform A/B or split audiences). Publish both at the same time if the platform has no A/B tool.",
      "Sample size: estimate before launch (calculator below), then do not stop early on a good-looking day.",
      "Duration: cover at least one full weekly cycle so weekday/weekend mix is equal across arms.",
      "Record the palette JSON, roles and dates with the result so the test can be repeated."
    ],
    "scope": {
      "date": "2026-10-10",
      "scope": "The six cards, Elliot & Maier (2012), Elliot (2015), and Lehr (1992) already cited by this site.",
      "method": "Match DOI, authors, title, journal/chapter, pages and dates against publisher records and Crossref deposits; inspect accessible abstracts and identified full-text sections. Follow DOI-specific OpenAlex locations to authoritative repositories and inspect author/publication records for remaining access gaps on 2026-10-10. Manuscript versions are identified separately. This is a targeted citation review, not a systematic literature search.",
      "limitations": "Partial abstract/manuscript-section review does not verify every final method, stimulus, effect size, replication or reference. No Wada-palette or short-form-video retention effect was identified in the reviewed material; inaccessible text is not evidence of absence."
    },
    "sampleSizeReferenceId": "lehr-1992",
    "sampleSizeLimitations": "Site substitutes baseline rate for the two-arm mean rate described by Lehr; a planning shortcut, not an exact power analysis. Not suitable for continuous watch-time means, clustered exposure or repeated viewers without a different calculation."
  },
  "reviewScope": {
    "date": "2026-10-10",
    "scope": "The six cards, Elliot & Maier (2012), Elliot (2015), and Lehr (1992) already cited by this site.",
    "method": "Match DOI, authors, title, journal/chapter, pages and dates against publisher records and Crossref deposits; inspect accessible abstracts and identified full-text sections. Follow DOI-specific OpenAlex locations to authoritative repositories and inspect author/publication records for remaining access gaps on 2026-10-10. Manuscript versions are identified separately. This is a targeted citation review, not a systematic literature search.",
    "limitations": "Partial abstract/manuscript-section review does not verify every final method, stimulus, effect size, replication or reference. No Wada-palette or short-form-video retention effect was identified in the reviewed material; inaccessible text is not evidence of absence."
  },
  "auxiliaryReferences": [
    {
      "id": "elliot-maier-2012",
      "doi": "10.1016/B978-0-12-394286-9.00002-0",
      "citation": "Elliot, A. J., & Maier, M. A. (2012). Color-in-Context Theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 61–125.",
      "measured": "Theory chapter, not a new experiment; measured settings and findings not reviewed because publisher chapter access was unavailable.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/abs/pii/B9780123942869000020",
          "location": "Publisher chapter access returned 403; Crossref metadata has no abstract.",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/B978-0-12-394286-9.00002-0",
          "location": "Bibliographic metadata",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00368/full",
          "location": "References — Elliot and Maier (2012), volume 45, pp. 61–125",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        }
      ],
      "review": {
        "bibliography": "validated",
        "finding": "not reviewed",
        "fullText": "not reviewed",
        "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10",
        "limitations": "2012 chapter findings remain unverified and are not used to substantiate the card. A public author upload under the chapter label contains the different 2014 review; it does not verify this chapter."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "elliot-2015",
      "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00368",
      "citation": "Elliot, A. J. (2015). Color and psychological functioning: a review of theoretical and empirical work. Frontiers in Psychology, 6:368.",
      "measured": "Narrative review across achievement, attraction and consumer contexts; no new Wada/video experiment.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00368/full",
          "location": "Color-in-context theory; Methodological considerations; Conclusion",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00368",
          "location": "Bibliographic metadata",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        }
      ],
      "review": {
        "bibliography": "validated",
        "finding": "reviewed in identified full-text sections",
        "fullText": "cited sections reviewed",
        "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10",
        "limitations": "Review does not validate every cited underlying study."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "lehr-1992",
      "doi": "10.1002/sim.4780110811",
      "citation": "Lehr, R. (1992). Sixteen S-squared over D-squared: A relation for crude sample size estimates. Statistics in Medicine, 11(8), 1099–1102.",
      "measured": "Two independent groups; approximate 80% power, alpha .05 two-sided; not a color/video outcome.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://jhanley.biostat.mcgill.ca/c607/ch07/16_s_sq_over_d_sq.pdf",
          "location": "Article pp. 1099–1102: equation (1), independent-proportions paragraph, final cautions",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1002/sim.4780110811",
          "location": "Bibliographic metadata",
          "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10"
        }
      ],
      "review": {
        "bibliography": "validated",
        "finding": "reviewed in full text",
        "fullText": "reviewed",
        "reviewedOn": "2026-10-10",
        "limitations": "Site substitutes baseline rate for the two-arm mean rate described by Lehr; a planning shortcut, not an exact power analysis. Not suitable for continuous watch-time means, clustered exposure or repeated viewers without a different calculation."
      }
    }
  ]
}