Research context
Reviewed on 2026-10-10: six main DOI records, two auxiliary color-psychology references and the sample-size reference. Bibliographic validation is separate from abstract or full-text review; see each status. Wada/video applications are testable editorial hypotheses, not measured outcomes.
Edwards, T. M. (2023). Designing for Hope: Biophilic Color Associations and Their Relevance to Clinical Settings. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 16(4), 159–171.
- Evidence
- abstract-reviewed
- Finding
- The abstract reports strongest hope for yellow at maximal colour depth (p < .001), and reports no evident priming effect in Experiment 3. The latter was not independently interpreted from full methods.
- Measured setting
- Which of four biophilic colours (red, yellow, green, blue), and which colour depth, participants identified as evoking the strongest experience of hope.
- Conditions
- 154 adults across three experiments using coloured test cards; healthcare design framing. The reviewed abstract reports hope associations, not a video-retention outcome.
- Editorial hypothesis · test it
- For a hope message, test the deepest yellow already inside your chosen Wada set as the accent rather than adding an outside neon.
- Review status · 2026-10-10
- Bibliography: validated. Finding: reviewed at abstract level. Full text: not reviewed.
- Source locations
- Abstract — Methods and Results
DOI, title, authors, container, pages and date fields; publisher-deposited abstract - Publication dates
- Online-first: 2023-05-16; issue: 2023-10; citation year: 2023.
- Review limitations
- Full methods, stimuli and underlying data were not reviewed. No measured Wada/video outcome is established by this review. The abstract reports no priming effect with p < .05; that wording is retained as an author report, not independently interpreted without full methods.
Gorn, G. J., Chattopadhyay, A., Yi, T., & Dahl, D. W. (1997). Effects of Color as an Executional Cue in Advertising: They're in the Shade. Management Science, 43(10), 1387–1400.
- Evidence
- abstract-reviewed
- Finding
- Higher value (lighter) colours increased ad liking, mediated by greater relaxation. Higher chroma raised excitement, which in turn increased ad likeability.
- Measured setting
- Feelings (relaxation, excitement) and ad liking when the hue, chroma and value of colours in a print ad were varied between subjects.
- Conditions
- Print ads in a controlled experiment, plus a follow-up study of managers' colour choices. Measured liking and feelings, not purchases or retention.
- Editorial hypothesis · test it
- Calm target: favour the highest-lightness colours in the set for ground and type. Excitement target: give the accent role to the set's highest-chroma colour.
- Review status · 2026-10-10
- Bibliography: validated. Finding: reviewed at abstract level. Full text: not reviewed.
- Source locations
- Abstract — experimental results and follow-up
DOI, title, authors, container, pages and date fields; publisher-deposited abstract - Publication dates
- Online-first: not supplied in reviewed metadata; issue: 1997-10; citation year: 1997.
- Review limitations
- Full methods, stimuli and underlying data were not reviewed. No measured Wada/video outcome is established by this review.
Rizomyliotis, I., Konstantoulaki, K., & Kostopoulos, I. (2018). Reassessing the Effect of Colour on Attitude and Behavioural Intentions in Promotional Activities: The Moderating Role of Mood and Involvement. Australasian Marketing Journal, 26(3), 204–215.
- Evidence
- abstract-reviewed
- Finding
- Cool background colours led to more positive attitudes and behavioural intentions than warm ones, mainly under positive mood and low involvement.
- Measured setting
- Attitude and behavioural intention toward promotions with cool vs warm background colours, across mood and involvement conditions.
- Conditions
- Three experiments with different promotional settings: window display, consumer trade show, guerrilla marketing. The effect was moderated by mood and involvement.
- Editorial hypothesis · test it
- Treat a cool Wada ground as a hypothesis for low-involvement, good-mood viewing. It is not a universal winner.
- Review status · 2026-10-10
- Bibliography: validated. Finding: reviewed at abstract level. Full text: not reviewed.
- Source locations
- Abstract — three experiments and moderators
DOI, title, authors, container, pages and date fields; publisher-deposited abstract - Publication dates
- Online-first: 2018-08; issue: 2018-08; citation year: 2018.
- Review limitations
- Full methods, stimuli and underlying data were not reviewed. No measured Wada/video outcome is established by this review.
Elliot, A. J., & Maier, M. A. (2014). Color Psychology: Effects of Perceiving Color on Psychological Functioning in Humans. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 95–120.
- Evidence
- abstract-reviewed
- Finding
- The 2014 abstract reviews achievement, attraction and consumer contexts and cautions that boundary conditions and real-world generalizability need more work. Elliot (2015), reviewed in full-text sections, describes context-dependent meaning and cautions about underpowered studies, colour control and real-world application.
- Measured setting
- Reviews of theory and evidence on how perceiving colour affects feelings, thinking and behaviour.
- Conditions
- Narrative reviews, not a single experiment. The effects they summarise are domain-specific.
- Editorial hypothesis · test it
- Read every card here as context-bound. Your audience, platform and message form the context.
- Review status · 2026-10-10
- Bibliography: validated. Finding: 2014 abstract reviewed; 2015 cited full-text sections reviewed; 2012 findings not reviewed. Full text: not reviewed.
- Source locations
- Abstract — scope and generalizability caution
DOI, title, authors, container, pages and date fields; no abstract deposited
Color-in-context theory; Methodological considerations; Conclusion - Publication dates
- Online-first: 2013-06-26; issue: 2014-01-03; citation year: 2014.
- Review limitations
- Full methods, stimuli and underlying data were not reviewed. No measured Wada/video outcome is established by this review.
Labrecque, L. I., & Milne, G. R. (2012). Exciting red and competent blue: the importance of color in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(5), 711–727.
- Evidence
- abstract-reviewed
- Finding
- The abstract describes four studies mapping hues to brand personality and examining saturation/value, purchase intent, liking and familiarity. Red/excitement and blue/competence appear in the title; detailed hue results were not rechecked in full text.
- Measured setting
- How hue, saturation and value relate to perceived brand personality (four studies, including logo studies).
- Conditions
- Brand and logo perception. The effects depend on fit with the brand and category.
- Editorial hypothesis · test it
- Check that the set's temperature fits your brand and category before reading anything into a single hue.
- Review status · 2026-10-10
- Bibliography: validated. Finding: reviewed at abstract level. Full text: not reviewed.
- Source locations
- Abstract — Studies 1–4; title for red/excitement and blue/competence
DOI, title, authors, container, pages and date fields; no abstract deposited - Publication dates
- Online-first: 2011-01-28; issue: 2012-09; citation year: 2012.
- Review limitations
- Full methods, stimuli and underlying data were not reviewed. No measured Wada/video outcome is established by this review.
Singh, S. (2006). Impact of color on marketing. Management Decision, 44(6), 783–789.
- Evidence
- weak
- Finding
- The abstract reports a 90-second judgment window and a 62–90% colour contribution. This is a secondary review claim; its original evidence and percentage range were not traced.
- Measured setting
- Literature review of colour psychology in marketing, not a new experiment.
- Conditions
- A secondary summary range inside a review. It is not a measured effect for any medium, audience or metric.
- Editorial hypothesis · test it
- Overcited, weak provenance. Do not use it as a KPI or as a promise to clients.
- Review status · 2026-10-10
- Bibliography: validated. Finding: reviewed at abstract level. Full text: not reviewed.
- Source locations
- Abstract — Purpose and Design/methodology/approach; original percentage provenance not traced
DOI, title, authors, container, pages and date fields; publisher-deposited abstract - Publication dates
- Online-first: not supplied in reviewed metadata; issue: 2006-07-01; citation year: 2006.
- Review limitations
- Bibliography and presence of the percentage claim in the abstract validated; underlying primary study, population, metric and denominator not verified. Do not use as a KPI.
2026-10-10 · The six cards, Elliot & Maier (2012), Elliot (2015), and Lehr (1992) already cited by this site. Match DOI, authors, title, journal/chapter, pages and publication dates against publisher records and Crossref deposits; inspect accessible publisher abstracts and the identified full-text sections. This is a targeted citation review, not a systematic literature search. Abstract review does not verify full methods, stimulus specifications, effect sizes, replications or all references. No Wada-palette or short-form-video retention effect was identified in the reviewed material; inaccessible text is not evidence of absence.
Auxiliary references
Elliot, A. J., & Maier, M. A. (2012). Color-in-Context Theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 61–125.
Theory chapter, not a new experiment; measured settings and findings not reviewed because publisher chapter access was unavailable.
- Review status · 2026-10-10
- Bibliography: validated. Finding: not reviewed. Full text: not reviewed.
- Source locations
- Publisher chapter access returned 403; Crossref metadata has no abstract.
Bibliographic metadata
References — Elliot and Maier (2012), volume 45, pp. 61–125 - Review limitations
- 2012 chapter findings remain unverified and are not used to substantiate the card.
Elliot, A. J. (2015). Color and psychological functioning: a review of theoretical and empirical work. Frontiers in Psychology, 6:368.
Narrative review across achievement, attraction and consumer contexts; no new Wada/video experiment.
- Review status · 2026-10-10
- Bibliography: validated. Finding: reviewed in identified full-text sections. Full text: cited sections reviewed.
- Source locations
- Color-in-context theory; Methodological considerations; Conclusion
Bibliographic metadata - Review limitations
- Review does not validate every cited underlying study.
Lehr, R. (1992). Sixteen S-squared over D-squared: A relation for crude sample size estimates. Statistics in Medicine, 11(8), 1099–1102.
Two independent groups; approximate 80% power, alpha .05 two-sided; not a color/video outcome.
- Review status · 2026-10-10
- Bibliography: validated. Finding: reviewed in full text. Full text: reviewed.
- Source locations
- Article pp. 1099–1102: equation (1), independent-proportions paragraph, final cautions
Bibliographic metadata - Review limitations
- Site substitutes baseline rate for the two-arm mean rate described by Lehr; a planning shortcut, not an exact power analysis. Not suitable for continuous watch-time means, clustered exposure or repeated viewers without a different calculation.
No Wada-palette or short-form-video retention lift was identified in the material reviewed for these cards on 2026-10-10. This targeted review does not establish absence across the literature. Run your own test.